超声协助蒙脱土分散于聚磷酸铵阻燃聚丙烯的研究

阻燃剂能够增强聚丙烯（PP）的阻燃性能,但也会降低其力学性能,因此对阻燃剂进行改性以改善聚丙烯的力学性能显得至关重要。以传统的膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）[由聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）、三聚氰胺（MA）组成]为PP阻燃。在合成APP过程中引入有机蒙脱土（OMt）。APP围绕OMt形成,剥离OMt使其能够较好地分散在阻燃剂中。为使OMt更好地分散在阻燃剂中,在磷酸氢二铵（DAP）、尿素（UREA）溶液中加入OMt,之后对溶液进行超声处理,蒸干后形成DAP-UREA-OMt与五氧化二磷反应生成APP。在PP中添加改性阻燃剂,有助于PP材料阻燃性能的提升与减缓力学性能的下降。当阻燃剂添加量为30%（阻燃剂添加量占总质量的质量分数）时,PP/IFR_APP/OMt复合材料的氧指数达到29.8%,通过V-0测试,拉伸强度为22.0 MPa,高出传统方法0.7 MPa。     

超声微波耦合制备P(AM-DMC-BA)及其污泥脱水研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主单体、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为阳离子单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(V-50)为引发剂,通过微波和超声耦合技术合成新型高效阳离子共聚物絮凝剂P(AM-DMC-BA)。考察了原料对P(AM-DMC-BA)特性黏度及转化率的影响,P(AM-DMC-BA)对其进行了表征,并用于污泥脱水实验。结果表明,当单体AM、DMC、BA的质量分数分别为22.5%、7.5%、1%,引发剂V-50的质量分数为2%,尿素的质量分数为1.2%,聚合体系pH为3.5,制得的P(AM-DMC-BA)的特性黏度及转化率最高。当共聚物投加量为45 mg/L、污泥溶液pH为7时,其对污泥有较好的脱水性能,且具有良好的pH抗性。     

超声振动光整的EDEM数值模拟与实验研究

采用EDEM离散元分析软件对普通钝化光整实验及带有超声振动辅助光整实验进行数值模拟，仿真结果为超声振动光整加工系统的提出提供了依据。使用超声振动光整设备对平头铣刀进行钝化实验，进行了不同钝化条件下的实验研究。通过扫描电镜观察了钝化前后铣刀的表面形貌及钝圆半径的变化，分析了超声振动光整对钝化效率及效果的影响。实验结果表明，增加了超声振动钝化后的钝化效率提高了约26%，表面形貌得到较大改善。     

Robust SVM-direct torque control of induction motor based on sliding mode controller and sliding mode observer

This paper proposes a design of control and estimation strategy for induction motor based on the variable structure approach. It describes a coupling of sliding mode direct torque control (DTC) with sliding mode flux and speed observer. This algorithm uses direct torque control basics and the sliding mode approach. A robust electromagnetic torque and flux controllers are designed to overcome the conventional SVM-DTC drawbacks and to ensure fast response and full reference tracking with desired dynamic behavior and low ripple level. The sliding mode controller is used to generate reference voltages in stationary frame and give them to the controlled motor after modulation by a space vector modulation (SVM) inverter. The second aim of this paper is to design a sliding mode speed/flux observer which can improve the control performances by using a sensorless algorithm to get an accurate estimation, and consequently, increase the reliability of the system and decrease the cost of using sensors. The effectiveness of the whole composed control algorithm is investigated in different robustness tests with simulation using Matlab/Simulink and verified by real time experimental implementation based on dS pace 1104 board.     

Combined constant speed control method for a wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage

A wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage (WG‐HES) uses hydraulic transmission systems instead of gearbox transmissions, thus eliminating high‐power converters and reducing the tower‐top cabin weight. When there is no wind or the wind speed is extremely low, the pressured oil released by accumulators is used to drive a motor to operate at a constant speed, thereby generating constant‐frequency power. However, few studies have examined the constant speed control characteristics for generating electricity using only an accumulator group. In this study, a combined constant speed (CCS) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control method based on “variable displacement and throttling” is proposed, which includes two closed loops and one regulating loop. First, a simulation model of the CCS PID control method for a variable motor was established in the Simcenter Amesim program. The influence of different PID parameters on the anti‐interference ability of the constant speed control of the motor was analyzed under a given load step. Then, we obtained the range of control parameter values and a set of optimal values. Second, the effectiveness of the CCS control method and the accuracy of the simulation results were verified on a 600‐kW WG‐HES system prototype. The results verified that the CCS control method has good anti‐interference ability and can meet the requirements of constant speed control for a variable motor under the best PID parameters. These results can provide a basis for developing control strategies for WG‐HESs when there is no wind or at low wind speeds.     

盐溶液种类和浓度对α-半水脱硫石膏合成的影响

为了解决脱硫石膏的大量堆存对环境造成的潜在危害,同时提高脱硫石膏的附加值,采用常压盐溶液水热法以电厂脱硫石膏为原料探究α-半水石膏的最佳合成工艺,重点研究了盐溶液种类及浓度对α-半水石膏的合成过程、合成产物组成及结构的影响。结果表明：在氯化钙、氯化镁盐溶液中,由于同离子效应和硫酸镁离子对的形成,导致半水石膏的形成过程受阻。较高浓度氯化钾和氯化钠盐溶液可使二水石膏发生转晶,其中氯化钾会致使半水石膏过度脱水生成无水钾石膏,氯化钠盐溶液可以使二水石膏转变为半水石膏并维持较长时间,通过比较得出最佳合成工艺为氯化钠溶液质量分数为15%、体系反应温度为95 ℃、固液质量比为1∶4、搅拌速率为150 r/min、合成时间为3 h,可以制得长径比约为5∶1的六方短柱状α-半水石膏。     

延长油田X油区长8储层孔隙结构特征研究

根据岩心、薄片及压汞资料,系统分析了长8储层的孔隙结构特征,并将其分为4种类型,其中Ⅰ类孔隙类型为优质储层。     

Analytical study of surface wave multiple refraction in boundary of a scalar impedance surface with a tensor impedance surface

In this paper, the multiple refraction phenomenon is investigated on the boundary of a scalar impedance surface (SIS) and a tensor impedance surface (TIS). When a surface wave (SW) propagates on the SIS and radiates to the boundary of the TIS, the propagation direction of it is changed and the refraction phenomenon is accrued. The method that is proposed in this paper can predict the multiple refraction for the SW. Moreover, another analytical method is introduced for designing the proposed structure which the double refraction (DR) occurs at arbitrary angles on it. Using it, a sample of the structure is designed by printed circuits in 15.2GHz and the results are verified by the full‐wave simulation and measurement. The results are shown that in the structure, DR is occurred in 2° and 22° as predicted. The proposed method can provide many applications such as design of SW power dividers based on the TISs, impedance surface based waveguides, holographic antennas, and feeding of array antennas.     

Wave scattering through an orthotropic thermoelastic slab sandwiched between two isotropic elastic half-spaces

Abstract

Present study deals with the scattering of a plane wave through an orthotropic thermoelastic slab sandwiched between two elastic half-spaces. Unlike the classical theory of thermoelasticity, we have employed non-classical thermoelastic theories (LS-theory and GL-theory) to analyze the scattering of plane waves. The amplitude ratios for different waves have been computed numerically for the considered generalized theories of thermoelasticity. The effect of the slab thickness on the amplitude ratios has been shown graphically. Moreover, the amplitude ratios of different waves (i.e., reflected, transmitted, forward and backward waves) are compared for different values of slab thickness under both the LS-theory and GL-theory.